Cholesterol
Understanding Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatty substance found in your blood that is vital for cell production and hormone creation. While your body naturally produces cholesterol, high levels—especially of “bad” LDL cholesterol—can cause plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. “Good” HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, supporting heart health. Because high cholesterol often has no symptoms, regular blood tests are important to monitor your levels. Lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise, can help manage cholesterol levels, with medication prescribed in some cases.
The Role of Cholesterol
Cholesterol is essential for many bodily functions, including:
- Building and repairing healthy cells
- Producing hormones
- Supporting normal body function
Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream by particles known as lipoproteins.
The Two Main Types of Cholesterol
- Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, LDL can stick to artery walls, leading to plaque buildup and restricted blood flow. - High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Known as “good” cholesterol, HDL helps transport LDL away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body.
Risks of High Cholesterol
Excess LDL cholesterol causes fatty deposits to build up in blood vessels. Over time, this can make it harder for blood to circulate, increasing the risk of:
- Heart attacks
- Strokes
Causes and Risk Factors
- Diet and Lifestyle: Eating foods high in saturated fats and lacking fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can raise cholesterol levels.
- Genetics: High cholesterol can run in families, indicating a genetic predisposition.
- Age: As you get older, your body’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol naturally decreases.
- Other Health Conditions: Certain conditions such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and lupus can increase cholesterol levels.